日落黄沙

In "The Wild Bunch," violence becomes more than a vehicle through which morals are judged. Rather, it confuses the line between right and wrong, displaying conflict in a sense that is even appealing, or aesthetic. That attitude would have been unimaginable in its predecessors, where violence is more referred to than explicitly exhibited. Take "Winchester ’73" as an example: when Young Bull, the leader the Indians, spotted the legendary rifle on the back of Joe Lamont’s horse, only through the reaction of Dutch Henry do we realize the man has been killed and scalped. Would Sam Peckinpah shoot it otherwise, giving Lamont a slow motion as he is shot and falls to the ground? No longer a by-product, violence in "The Wild Bunch" is one of the cores in the film that almost stands on its own. Under earlier code of Westerns, such prominence might be considered deviant, for in the old Westerns heroism, civilization and romance reign over wildness and brutality that protagonists face. Violence, even sometimes embodied by “the good guy,” is controlled. In that sense, it is used to provide contrast to the potency of traditional virtues. Yet in "The Wild Bunch," not only is violence unleashed, but it is ameliorated, galvanized, even appreciated. The massacre at the beginning gloriously magnifies the marvel of bloodshed through shameless frontal shots, close-ups and slow motions, which few directors of Westerns before Peckinpah had used as heavily as he did. Peckinpah adds slow motion shots of victims to the typical “shoot-and-fall” dialogic gunshot scenes in old Westerns, the effect of which is enhanced by Technicolor, which allows more realistic and shocking images of blood squirting from every body part possible.
Coupled with moral ambiguity, violence furthers the sense of mayhem. The short parallel between the bunch in soldier attire and South Texas Temperance Union stand at opposite ends of the moral scale: one stringent, abiding and adamant, the other rampant, defiant and savage. Contrary to the obvious moral choices that old Westerns give us, neither instantly appeals more. The moral ambiguity that Peckinpah deliberately sets up is made more salient when we see the Deke Thornton’s bounty hunters. Though representing “the law,” the reckless and egocentric bounty hunters could not be further from any protagonists in the old Westerns. Merely five minutes into the film, such opening sequence challenges our traditional views and attitudes. Does such situation justify the ensuing violence? Not quite, but by eliminating apparent sides to root for, violent itself grabs our attention. The opening sequence well indicates the complexity of the film, which evolved from the Western prototype to include a more realistic portrayal, one that is imperfect yet closer to life, one that invites diverse reactions and opinions rather than simple cheers for the charming lead such as John Wayne in "Stagecoach" or Montgomery Clift in "Red River." The space "The Wild Bunch" creates for audience reactions is essentially what sets it apart, for the film does not provide answers but questions.
Violence culminates in the grand ending, and precisely the fact that it incurs thrill knocks the audience off their feet. Yet the violence here has gained a different standing. Comradeship and loyalty justify their intent to kill to a degree that we are eager to witness the great massacre that is about to take place. We anxiously wait as the four members of the bunch gradually fill up the frame and stop, their eyes on the target. Anticipation hits its peak when the silence of shock takes place after they kill the general. Then when the massacre begins, our attitude is no different from that of watching a classic gun-shooting climax, only this time with more fury, excitement and emotional turmoil. On the presentation of this massacre sequence, Alexandros Dionosopoulos commented, “The massive use of artillery blows people away. It is stunning.” Unwittingly, his off-the-cuff pun captures the two main aspects of heavy violence: it is a concoction of beauty and disturbance. In a similar manner of the opening sequence, Peckinpah uses quick montage and slow motion to build a landscape of brutality that rivals an epic battle, intertwining visual effects with explosive sonic experience. Desensitized by gore and corpses by this point, we are swept by a swirl of hunger for deconstruction and vengeance. Such liberty probably disturbs us more than the actual slaughter, for the final scene is our getaway from decorum and civility in favor of primitive eye-for-an-eye responses. This is wilderness in its truest sense, not in aiguilles and dunes, but in unchained desires. It is ironic, therefore, to observe how noble loyalty translates into barbarian actions.
"The Wild Bunch" inherits the legacy of Westerns by discussing the clash between wilderness and civilization and the effects it has, one that ultimately has less to do with challenges at the frontier but universal struggle with darker instincts. Peckinpah probably sees this step as necessary, as by the year 1968 the film was made, Westerns were facing a different audience. Typified by Clint Eastwood movies, Spaghetti Westerns reached their peak of popularity. Characterized by low-budget production, foreign locale, and highly fluid and minimalist cinematography[1], Spaghetti Westerns watered down the conventions and cultural paradigms that old Westerns have. Foreign directors and producers, mostly Spaniards or Italians who gave name to the term, reformed the genre through their own lens. Part of the change had to do with pragmatic concerns, such as using a more straightforward cinematographic style due to limited resources. Yet the difference in cultural backgrounds gave rise to the demystification, loss of previously well-defined morality, and increased violence in Spaghetti Westerns, central elements that "The Wild Bunch" undoubtedly assimilates and intensifies.
So why did Peckinpah bullet "The Wild Bunch" with such graphic violence? One argument can be found at the very beginning of the film. We see scorpions besieged by a huge group of ants. The scorpions, though much stronger than any single ant, are defenseless against the vehement attack of the ants. As the ants start devouring the now powerless scorpions, the camera pulls back to reveal the manipulators: a group of children. They smile, laugh and watch attentively, oblivious to such cruelty. The low-angle close-up shots of individual kids against the clear blue sky enhanced the sense of innocence and joy, which drastically contrasts with the violence that is taking place in front of their eyes. The effect almost frightens us more than the actual bloodshed that follows because of the apathy shown in children. Peckinpah seems to points to the possible violent nature of us, or how vulnerable we can be once violence is prevalent in a society. Therefore, it becomes necessary for him to give the film a rough edge, showing what is raw, realistic, rather than the larger-than-life old Westerns of which the values and visions eclipse the ugly side of frontier status quo. Violence in "The Wild Bunch" then becomes a statement itself, suggesting the incorrigibly violent tendency of humans.
Another possibility is the cathartic effect. Commenting on the seductiveness and horror of violence, Peckinpah said:

"The point of the film is to take this façade of movie violence and open it up, get people involved in it so that they are starting to go in it so that they are starting to go in the Hollywood television predicable reaction syndrome, and then twist it so that it’s not fun anymore, just a wave of sickness in the gut…It’s ugly, brutalizing, and bloody fucking awful. It’s not fun and games and cowboys and Indians. It’s a terrible, ugly thing. And yet there’s a certain response that you get from it, an excitement because we’re all violent people." [2]

By injecting a huge dose of violence, Peckinpah provides the audience with a dark picture of their instincts so that they would be able to curb or even purge the violence in them by getting sick of it. Produced and released during the Vietnam War, "The Wild Bunch" conveys Peckinpah’s intention to guide audience through rediscovery, recognition and disgust of violence. Yet the controversial work causes some to entirely refuse the merit of the movie and others to delve into the orgasm of bloodbath, both seen in the reactions of the general public when the movie was released. In that regard, Peckinpah is less successful.
At the onset of the robbery in the opening sequence, Pike Bishop ordered his comrades to keep workers at the post office under control: “If they move, kill ’em!” The close-up of his ruthless, convictive and uber-masculine face froze to a ragged, tough-texture image like the ones on “Wanted” posters, to the left of which is the name “Sam Peckinpah” in big betters. This seems to suggest Peckinpah’s definitive role in the violence presented in the film, as well as the mix of appeal and atrocity that it incurs. Though its use remains controversial to this day, violence in "The Wild Bunch" plays such a prominent role that no one can walk away neglecting the effect it has on the watching experience.
---
[1] Tim Dirks, Westerns Films - Sergio Leone’s “Spaghetti” Westerns, 2010, http://www.filmsite.org/westernfilms5.html. Retrieved 03/27/2010.
[2] David Weddle, If They Move... Kill Em!: The Life and Times of Sam Peckinpah (Grove Press, 2001), 334.

颇有些迷之意味的开场中，一直蝎子被一群蚂蚁噬咬而不能自救，这样的充满暗示的开场，令我不寒而栗，而随后的一场枪战，更加表明了这伙“匪徒”的亡命天涯之态，
再往后，派克作为一个智勇双全的头领，足够的冷血和无情，几次丢下拖累自己的同伴，然而中间的闪回回忆与桑顿的过去，却表明这是一个重情重义之人，而一路上的战友不断死去，减少，却仿佛都是在为最后的与马帕奇将军的混战做铺垫，
这个快意恩仇的年代，总是令人心驰神往，枪林弹雨中，我终于看到暴力美学之宗师在哪里。在宽银幕的构图下，美丽而又奇观的沙漠，成为这样一群人，纵横天下的背景。
最后，好像发现了一个bug，塞克斯在最后好像是被击中右腿，但是在最后的镜头中出现去接桑顿是，包扎带好像包在了左腿上。。。

　　【前言】在一幅久远的油画还未被尘埃彻底覆盖之前，我渴望你能倾听我诉说她曾经的风华；在尝过一坛被埋于黄沙下不知多少年的老酒后，我渴望你能细品那留在舌尖下绵久的香醇；在无意中沿着一条绝迹的小道前行时，我渴望你能陪我站在一起看那一段峡谷的壮丽。在我的信念里，如果不能把这些美好与你们分享，我的朋友，对我而言这是一种罪恶。或许你会把《肖申克的救赎》、《阿甘正传》奉为一生的经典，正如在巴乔、大罗、齐达内从绿茵场黯然离去后，太多的人只能推崇着不能成为英雄的梅西、C罗，在此，我只是提供一种比较的依据，以诠释何谓真正的大师。

    野马啸，烈酒浓，斜阳孤道，西风独行——经典西部片。

 　　《日落黄沙》 导演山姆·佩金法 在大师身后诞生了一个电影新名词——暴力美学，从此一批又一批的后辈沿着大师的足迹一笔一笔地临摹：昆汀的《无耻混蛋》、盖·里奇的《两杆大烟枪》、吴宇森的《变脸》、杜琪峰的《放逐》等等等等，在此片之后再无枪战片。除此之外，一同铭记的还有那一个个苍茫遒劲的镜头，那遗弃在荒野被我们的耳朵永远录制的笑声，那一句傲视苍穹的“Why not?”，那一个黄昏下靠墙而坐的老牛仔，没有比这更能诠释何谓经典的电影了。很多中国观众感叹这部电影太像古龙小说了，大体不错，只是顺序反了，这部电影拍于1968年，68年能拍出这样的电影，已无需再言。

　　《西部往事》 导演赛尔乔·莱翁内 一生中只亲自执导了十部电影，但每部皆是旷世之作，一个算不得遗憾的遗憾是他谢绝了执导《教父》。同样拍于1968年，这部电影里给我留下强烈震撼的是两个镜头：你将见识到人类史上最残酷的绞刑，亲自“谋杀”自己的亲人；第二个镜头里你将见识到最隐秘的温情：一个浪迹荒漠的杀手和一个从良的妓女站在门前，门外是大批修建铁路的劳工，杀手说：你该提上一大桶水走到他们中间去，看到像你这样的女子对于他们而言是一件多么欢乐的事。假如有人在背后狠狠地摸了你的屁股，请假装什么事都没有发生，因为他们值得你这么做。我不知道中国要过多少代人才会拥有这样的精神，其他毋庸再提。

　　《黄金三镖客》 导演赛尔乔·莱翁内 这是镖客三部曲的第三部，另外两部是《荒野大镖客》、《黄昏双镖客》，主角都是由克林特.伊斯特伍德扮演，三部曲让伊斯特伍德在美国大紫大黑、几乎成为西部片的时代标志。此片在故事情节的处理上堪称一绝，一场角逐几次易手，谁都曾笑过，谁都曾杯具过。很久以前看过一句经典名言：人生悲喜，有时你是站在雕像上随意拉屎的鸽子，有时你就是那座雕像。你一定不会忘记的还有那荒野中三个人、三把枪的生死对决，那一组快速而梦幻的镜头精彩到无以复加，也算被西部片熏陶了一阵的我当时看完竟已是一手冷汗，把虚幻拍到如此真实、如此刺激的，非大师不足以成之。
　　
　　《虎豹小霸王》 导演乔治·罗伊·希尔 在他之前没有人会把西部片拍成这样，在他之后更不会有人能塑此经典，在看这部电影时我很自然的想到了一句评语：像一个少年清澈的诗篇。你再也找不到比这部更轻松、更诙谐的纯种西部片了，我坚信保罗骑自行车载着凯瑟琳的那段曼妙镜头曾经出现在无数个少女的梦里。在对感情的理解里，我一直认为两个男人和一个女子之间组成的爱情才是最完整、最美妙、最稳定的，这部电影也印证了这样复杂而曼妙的感情。这部电影真的太美了，美得像一个没有脱离稚气的少女的脸，那么的不真实，那么的让人心情舒畅。

　　《老无所依》 导演科恩兄弟 这是一部算不得西部片的西部片，好吧，我承认把它放进来是因为强烈的个人偏好，但有杀手、有警察、有牛仔、有一大笔不义之财，这些元素足以构成一部完整的西部片。这是我所看过的把悲剧表达得最含蓄、最凝重的电影，它与《发条橙》、《搏击俱乐部》构成了我心目中最完整的后现代启示录。这样的电影不愿解释太多，能看懂的人不需一句废话，看不懂的再解释也没用。

　　《不可饶恕》 导演克林特.伊斯特伍德 这个依靠西部片成名的演员亲自走到镜头后自导自演，但正是这个人、这部电影杀死了西部片，或者说这部电影有一个更准确的名字《西部无英雄》。曾经江湖上流传的一匹马、一条枪、一个人走进夕阳里的传说在这部电影里被彻底的撕碎，曾经快意恩仇的西部而今已是一片污秽：昔日的牛仔老态龙钟、年轻的枪手是个几乎看不见的瞎子、传说中的神枪手不是背后放冷枪的孬种便是开枪打到自己脚的莽夫，真正的杀手为了养活两个孩子被迫出山，之后便消失于江湖，世上再无他的传说。不愧是大师熏陶出来的弟子，伊斯特伍德对那个西部太熟悉了，所以毁灭起来甚为娴熟。电影里的镜头依旧苍茫，只是捉不住西风的影子了；配乐依然怀旧，只是有了煽情没了臆想。这部电影里我只喜欢两段情节：几千年前汉莫拉比法典里规定了作为人的奴隶和马的数量关系，在这部电影里一个妓女的面容和未来=七匹马，于是她们抵上了所有的积蓄雇凶复仇（我喜欢这种果决）；当至亲逝去时，把她埋在门前的树下，让她继续守望后辈的成长（这样纯朴的仪式而今已成奢望）。在豆瓣上看到很多人把这部电影定义为最好的西部片时，我黯然了很久。当大师的浪漫在弟子的现实面前轰然倒塌时，我便看到了西部片那扇锈迹斑斑的门沉重的关上，再无人能开启。一个时代一去不复返，留下的是一个个如烟花般的背影。

　　【后记】在这些经典的西部片背后还请记住一个人的名字——埃尼奥·莫里康内，大漠黄沙的西部要是少了这位大师的配乐将不知失色多少。

　　以上电影纯属个人偏好，其标准是想象力，如果一首诗剥离了想象力它只能沦为老妇干瘪的乳房，电影亦如此。中华五千年也只造就了两位诗人：一曰屈原，二曰李白。被冠以现实主义诗人的杜甫，他的很多诗句我都已记不得了，但那句“星垂平野阔，月涌大江流”我肯定自己会记住一辈子。

    胸藏辽阔，盛几斤苍茫，慰老时，摇椅孤年。

   我们中国人都相信“人之初，性本善”这句话，但是西方人对此却有着截然不同的观点：人是有原罪的，人生来就有着向恶的一面。影片伊始，一群天真无邪的小孩，脸上带着天使般的可爱笑容，津津有味地欣赏着蝎子和蚁群间的相互残杀，玩腻了之后又放火将这些虫子烧成了灰。这马上就奠定了整部影片的格调：极度暴力。（PS：奥利弗•斯通的《天生杀人狂》开头也是一辆高速行驶的汽车将一只蝎子碾碎，同样是一部极度暴力的影片）
    果然，5分钟以后，我们看到了一场经典的枪战。火爆的场面，淋漓的镜头，“敖德萨阶梯婴儿车”式的剪接，对当时的观众来说，绝对是一次巨大的震撼。当然，全片最为人们津津乐道的是片末4名强盗明知山有虎，还义无反顾地向200名墨西哥士兵发动了正面进攻，最后4人全部壮烈牺牲，颇有夸父逐日式的理想主义殉教意味。
    当墨西哥将军被派克等人打成筛子的时候，我仍然难以相信他们会在人数对比如此悬殊的情况下作出这种自杀式的行为。派克作为横行天下的江洋大盗，冷酷而精明。当强盗们遭伏击仓皇逃出铁路局之后，派克毫不犹豫地击毙了伤重不能骑马的同伙。当派克看到负责看马的老弗雷迪被桑顿打成重伤的时候，他同样见死不救，还对同伙们说：我们走吧，老头还能帮我们拖住桑顿一两天。从全片所展现出的情节来看，我相信派克与墨西哥小伙安奇的交情远不及他与老弗雷迪间的友情深厚。派克也曾对安奇亲口说过：为了一万块金币，我可以六亲不认。但是，派克为了救这个与自己非亲非友的安奇，却决定牺牲自我和3名同伙的性命，而且他做这个决定的过程也很简单。派克嫖完了妓，起来对同样刚嫖完妓的两名同伙酷酷地说了句：Let’s go .那两人同样酷酷地回话道：Why not ? 然后4人默契地背上来福枪出发，然后交涉，然后交涉失败，然后屠杀，然后被屠杀。这样的结局实在难以让我马上从逻辑上接受。
    后来我想，可能是派克对桑顿的负罪感促成了派克对男性友情的殉教和救赎。派克和桑顿曾经是一对好搭档，后来由于派克个人的疏忽大意让桑顿被警察逮到。当警察的注意力还集中在桑顿身上的时候，派克乘机丢下搭档，跳窗溜之大吉。后来当桑顿受警方逼迫而不得不追杀派克的时候，两人仍对此事耿耿于怀。派克的同伙鄙视桑顿为警察卖命，派克马上呵斥道：他只是在尽自己的承诺！对警察的承诺也是承诺！桑顿也这样高度评价派克：他是最棒的！他从来没被抓过！在追杀的路上两人惺惺相惜，却又不得不互相拚命。只不过因为派克率领着一群高级强盗，而桑顿率领的是一群低级强盗，使两人几次交锋下来总是派克胜出。当桑顿目睹了派克最后的“壮举”之后，其内心久久无法平静。影片结尾，桑顿没有跟随手下运送派克的尸体回去找警察领赏，而是选择留在荒漠中，和墨西哥人一起走向远方……
    如果我上面的分析还是有一点道理的话，从这点意义上来说，我认为这部片子对男性友情的宣扬完全可以和《美国往事》相提并论。我相信影片结尾所给的暗示为：桑顿最终还会纠结起一邦同伙，继续打家劫舍，反抗国家机器，过着脱离法律和道德约束的绝对“自由”生活，延续和发扬派克的精神。所以派克没有死，他用最极端的方式救赎了对桑顿的背叛，感化了原本追杀他的桑顿，使自己在桑顿的身上活了下来。
    PS : 美国影评人曾将本片导演萨姆•佩金法和《水中刀》的导演罗曼• 波兰斯基、《飞越疯人院》的导演米洛斯• 福尔曼并称为美国70年代三大前卫导演。

       山姆·佩金发算是一个很有才华的导演，但是无论是在指导机会上，还是在名气上都不如新好莱坞时期的其他导演。
    这是看他的第二部作品，前一部是《稻草狗》，个人感觉后一部要比这一部要好一些。两部都有他共同的风格所在，无论是从主题上恶人中的好，好人中的恶，无比残缺的世界无比残酷的我们无比悲剧的人类，还是在类型中成立独特有审美性的风格，更是在一贯的佩金发式的升格，生效的处理。
    

时间：2008年9月3日21：15分
地点：Cinema Du Parc影院

这部电影有多好，用我的朋友King的经历告诉你恐怕最有震撼力，他在最近十年重复看了13次，而且每次都是到影院看大屏幕！

而这一次Cinema Du Parc回顾这部西部经典，他更是晚晚捧场，还掏钱邀请那些从来没有看过这部电影的MM一起观赏。喜欢一部电影到这个程度，也算是疯狂了。

我们看的是1995年那个修复版，跟第一次发行的版本一样长度-全片除了开头有少量划痕和污点之外，都呈现了非常漂亮的通透度和对比度。

老实说，开篇枪战之后进入到中段曾经有一些闷场。当然，你如果把它看作是一次有一次的氛围渲染，倒也并无不可。

如果你一周五天都去电影院，看电影超过十部的话，很难保证每一次都全神贯注。然而，我可以用自身体验告诉你，看这部电影的浮想联翩或许并不是一件坏事：我想到了《英雄本色》、《喋血街头》、《喋血双雄》当然还有新千年的《放逐》，或许你也明白了，我想说的是-电影里面呈现出来的那种江湖义气和兄弟情怀，我们在港片里一遍又一遍地体会过和为之神往过，但恐怕其鼻祖，恐怕还是《日落黄沙》这样的经典西片。